"Chester" is from The Sacred Harp, page 479. The patriotic version is attributed to William Billings (1770) and the Sacred Harp version to Philip Doddridge (1785). William Billings' version was printed in The Singing Master's Assistant (1778). After "Yankee Doodle", "Chester" was probably the most popular song among the American troops during the Revolution. It was the first completely American patriotic song, written and composed by a "home-grown" musician. It was printed in The Stoughton Musical Society's Centennial Collection of Sacred Music (1878) and Ives' The Burl Ives Songbook (1953). American composer William Schuman employed the tune of "Chester" in his New England Triptych (1956) and later expanded it into his Chester Overture. It was used in HBO's John Adams (2008). It was recorded by the Old Stoughton Musical Society on An Appeal to Heaven (1975) and Boston Camerata on Free America, Harmonium Mundi (2019).